Background: In many clinical situations, knowledge of central venous pressure (CVP) is important. Measurement of CVP is not always possible.Objective: To determine if Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be used as an estimate for CVP.Methods: IOP and CVP were measured concurrently in 30 candidates of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Those with carotid artery or jugular venous diseases as well as those with glaucoma or cardiac ejection fraction of less than 50% were excluded from the study.Results: A linear correlation was found between CVP and IOP (r = 0.66, p<0.001). CVP can be easily derived by halving the IOP.Conclusion: The use of this very simple method, particularly in those health care centers where due to the lack of necessary equipment for accessing central veins, CVP measurement is not possible, may provide useful information to physicians.

The ophthalmologic outcomes of diabetes were important. This research is conducted to assess the relation between diabetes and Intraocular pressure changes in the patients of Avicenna Hospital, compared with healthy persons referring to the facility. With cross-sectional research, 400 persons including 200 diabetics and non-diabetics were selected on a random basis over one year in 2012. Research data were collected by examination and checklists, and then analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical software. Descriptive results were extracted, and the relation between the variables were analyzed by Chi2 test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, with P. value less than 0.05 (P<0.05).In the group of diabetics, 37% and 63%were male and female respectively, while in non-diabetics group 47% and 53% were male and female. The mean age of diabetics patients were 54.17±8.25 and non-diabetics 49.06±7.26 years. Mean vision acuity of the right eye was 9.035 in the diabetics and 9.56 in the witness group. Mean Intraocular pressure was 16.71±1.96 mm/Hg in diabetics, and 12.86±1.45 mm/Hg in non-diabetics, which showed a significant difference (t=22.337, P=0.001). It is advisable that the Intraocular pressure of diabetics be measured and recorded on a regular basis.

Although measurement of intracranial pressure by noninvasive methods has been suggested, but mainly invasive methods are used for this purpose-Increase in episcleral venous pressure can be expected to result in a linear increase in Intraocular pressure. Congested oculat veins with capillary leakage and hemorrhage are seen when the ICP is increased, thus theoretically measurement of Intraocular pressure can be a procedure for estimation of the ICP. This study was performed to find whether there is andy relationship between Intraocular pressure and ICP, so we used 12 albino rabbits in two divided groups. Our study was not designed to elucidate the mechanism of change but merely to record any changes observed. All measures except an increase in ICP were applied on the test group as well as on the control group. After general anesthesia with the combination of ketamin, rampune, and pentobarbital a burr hole was made in the lambda region of the skull and a cannula was placed in the subdural space. The ICP in the test group increased up to 15 mmHg and was constant throughout the experiment. Intraocular pressure was measured by Schiotz tonometers afte general anesthesia, after cannulation of the skull, and immediately after increasing the ICP which was repated in 15 minutes interval for 4 hours. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P:0.997) . results show that neither cannulation nor general anesthesia for 4 hours produce alteration in IOP in the control group nor increasing of the ICP to level of 15 mmHg produces any alteration in IOP on the test group.

Elevated Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. Previous prospective, randomized, long‑ term studies have demonstrated the strength of IOP reduction in slowing the progression of disease. It is well known that IOP is not a fixed value but fluctuates considerably over time. Although there have been some studies on IOP fluctuation and the progression of glaucoma, whether IOP fluctuation is an independent risk factor for glaucomatous damage and disease progression remains controversial. In this article, we reviewed the definition of IOP fluctuation, and both the evidence and the speculation for and against the effect of IOP fluctuation on glaucoma progression. Although conclusions seem to vary from study to study, we considered that different studies examined different groups of patients, at different stages of disease, and at different IOP levels. Our conclusion is that these apparently disparate results are not conflicting, but rather can be viewed as complementary. In clinical care, we recommend the consideration of IOP “ modulation” rather than just IOP “ reduction” when glaucoma patients are treated. Quality‑ based IOP control may be more effective than quantity‑ based IOP reduction to prevent or retard disease progression.

Background: The aim of this study was to provide data, on the distribution or Intraocular pressure (IOP) in Tehran population. Materials and Methods: Through a population-based, cross-sectional study, a total of 4565 Tehran citizens were studied in the Tehran Eye Study. The findings of the participants (n=3834) 10 years and older free of glaucoma diagnosis or suspicion who had undergone applanation tonometry examination are presented. All participants received a standardized protocol included applanation tonometry, and some other ocular measurements, fundus examination, demographic data and an interview. IOP measurement was used to evaluate its distribution by age, sex, and some eye parameters. ‎ Results: Mean ± SO IOP was 14.5±2.6 in the total population, 14.4±2.7 in men, and 14.5±2.5 in women. Normal range (mean±2SD) of IOP was determined to be 9.3 - 19.7 mmHg. IOP increased significantly with age and cup-disc ratio except for a fall in old ages. This relationship was also observed when we analyzed individuals without diabetes or hypertension history. IOP increased with darker eye pigmentation except for blue/gray eyes. There was a non-linear ‎increase of IOP from emmetropic to high myopic eyes. ‎ Conclusion: Mean and/or normal range of IOP and their associations have been reported with wide differences in various studies. It is wise that studies evaluate IOP distribution or associations in healthy people and glaucoma people separately and also report the prevalence of IOP risk factors in their population to allow for a logical comparison of studies.